Casablanca in 3 minutes | largest city of Morocco

Casablanca is the largest city of Morocco with a population of almost 4 million. Located on the Atlantic coast,in the central-western part of Morocco, it is the second largest city in the Maghreb region.The closest permanent river to Casablanca is Oum Rabia, 70 km to the south-east.

Casablanca has a mediterranean climate with warm summers, pleasant winters and moderate rainfall (415mm or 16.3 inches). 

It is blessed with very good summers, due to being located in the west coast of the Atlantic, which gives very refreshing breezes.

The modern city of Casablanca was founded by Berber fishermen in the 10th Century BC and was subsequently used by the Phoenicians, Romans, and the Merenids as a strategic port called Anfa. The Portuguese destroyed it and rebuilt it under the name Casa Branca, only to abandon it after an earthquake in 1755. The Moroccan sultan rebuilt the city as Daru l-Badya.The French occupied the city in 1907, establishing it as a protectorate in 1912 however it gained independence with the rest of the country in 1956. Since independence the European population has decreased substantially. Now 99.9% of the population of Morocco are Arab and Berber Muslims. Arabic, Berber and  French are the main languages.

The medina of Casablanca is the oldest part of the city. Two of the original gates of the old city walls still survive. Other attractions include an 18th-century fortress, a jewellery market, and the tomb of Sidi Allal el-Kairouani.Outside the walls of the medina is the town built by the French.  

Muḥammad V Square, near the gateway of the old medina, and United Nations Square are the business and administrative centres of the town. Farther south, are the gardens of the Park of the Arab League, and the white Cathedral of the Sacré Coeur.

The neighborhood of Anfa is the most upper-class and westernized in the city.

The Hubous is one of the older neighborhoods and is a cultural and religious center as many traditional and historic buildings are located here. Most prominent of these is  Mahkamat al-Pasha. 

The Ḥasan II mosque, situated along the coast, is one of the largest and most ornate mosques in the world. The Ain Diab is a commune located in the west of the Hassan II Mosque. It is affluent and famous for the fashionable stretch of coastline known as the Corniche. There are numerous hotels, restaurants, nightclubs, and Lalla Meryem Beach and Ain Diab Beach. There is also the ribat and island of Sidi Abderrahman. The Port of Casablanca is one of the largest artificial ports in the world. In the Ain Diab area, "Morocco Mall". is the largest shopping mall in Africa.  

. West of the park and stretching toward the coast are the gardens and villas of residential districts, such as Anfa. El Hank Light house is the highest lighthouse in the Morocco.

The 1942 American film Casablanca is set in Casablanca and has had a lasting impact on the city's image. Casablanca has many movie theaters.

The Casablanca Tramway is the rapid transit tram system in Casablanca. A network of buses and taxis provide services. There is also a railway line that runs northeastward to Tangier—and eastward into Algeria and Tunisia. The Casablanca-Nouaceur airport, to the east of the city, provide international services.

The traditional Moroccan bread is called Khobz. There are plenty of small shops all around town selling rotisserie chicken, grilled meats, or grilled sausages. In Casablanca, fish tagines are a particular specialty. Pastilla is a delicious Moroccan sweet and savory meat pie. Cooked in huge steaming pans of broth, snails are a favorite Moroccan street food.

Casablanca has a large number  of famous coffee shops and cafés. Wine and liquor are available, but only when eating in the restaurant. Many western-style nightclubs exist in the Maarif and Gironde neighborhoods. Soccer has been the most popular sport.  Mohammed V Athletic Complex situated in the heart of the city of Casablanca.

Anomie | Normlessness | Breakdown of social values

by Zaheeruddin Babar

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Cairo in 3 minutes | Capital of Egypt | Cairo City

Cairo is the capital and largest city of Egypt. With a population of over  9 million spread over 453 km2 Cairo is by far the largest city in the Arab World. Situated near the Nile Delta , Cairo was founded in 969 AD during the Fatmid  Dynasty. The land composing the present day city is associated with ancient  Egypt, as the famous Giza Pyramid complex and ancient city of Memphis are located in its geographical area.

City is located in northern part of Egypt, 165 kms sounth of Mediterranean Sea and 120 kms West of the Suez Canal along side the Nile River.

 The Climate is a hot desert climate, Wind storms can be frequent, bringing Saharan dust into the city. In summer the temperature rarely surpass 40 C and lows drop to about 20 C. From March to May the air often becomes uncomfortably dry but most of the Summer months have high humidity due to its coastal location . Winter is short, rainfall is sparse and only happen in the colder months. Cairo’s population is  predominantly Muslim. Arabic is the commonly spoken language.

Cairo holds one of the greatest concentrations of historical monuments of Islamic architecture in the world. The Citadel is located east of the city centre around Islamic Cairo, which dates back to the Fatimid era. The Fatimids built Cairo as a  palatial city which contained their palaces and institutions of government. It was enclosed by a circuit of walls, parts of which survive today at Bab Zuwayla in the south and Bab al-Futuh and Bab al-Nasr in the north. One of the most important and lasting institutions founded in the Fatimid period was the Mosque and University of al-Azhar, founded in 970 AD. The Mamluks, and the later Ottomans,  built caravanserais, the most famous example still intact today is the Wikala al-Ghuri, which nowadays also hosts regular performances by the  Egyptian Heritage Dance Troupe. The famous Khan al-Khalili is a commercial hub which also integrated caravanserais. Established as a center of trade in the Mamluk era , the bazaar district has since become one of Cairo's main attractions for tourists.

Downtown Cairo  has been the urban center of Cairo, since the late 19th century, when the district was designed and built by French architects. It is dominated by wide boulevards, open spaces, and modern architecture and was once home to the prosperous elite of late 19th and early 20th century Cairo. 

Qasr El Nil Street is a street in downtown Cairo, is one of the biggest streets in Cairo, with many businesses, restaurants, and an active nightlife. Most popular nightlife  activities, include Bellydance performances, and  Nile dinner cruise. 

The Cairo Tower is a free-standing tower with a revolving restaurant at the top.

The Qasr El Nil Bridge is a famous bridge that connects Tahrir Square in downtown Cairo to the modern Cairo Opera complex toward the southern end of Gezira Island.

The Egyptian Museum, is home to the most extensive collection of ancient Egyptian antiquities in the world. 

Cairo International Airport is the principal international airport of Cairo and the busiest airport in Egypt.

Ramses Railway Station  also called Misr Station is the main railway station of Cairo.

Cairo has an extensive road network, rail system, subway system and maritime services.

In Cairo there's a coffee shop on every corner. Koshary is a uniquely Egyptian street food that is made of a mixture of rice, macaroni or spaghetti, lentils and chickpeas, covered with a spicy tomato sauce. 

Egyptian flat bread is called aysh baladi or shami based on whole wheat flour or just flour. Beaf is the most common meat. Fuul is an Egyptian kind of falafel with fava beans, it can be found at nearly every street vendor in Cairo.

Football is the most popular sport in Egypt. Naser Stadium, is the second largest stadium in Egypt.

Cairo in 3 minutes | Capital of Egypt | Cairo City

by Zaheeruddin Babar

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Damascus in three minutes | capital of Syria | Damascus city | Oldest city

Established between 10,000 to 8,000 BC, Damascus is credited with being the oldest continuously inhabited city in the world.It is a  major cultural center of the Levant and the Arab world. It is located In southwestern Syria, Embedded on the eastern foothills of the Anti-Lebanon mountain range  from the eastern shore of the Mediterranean on a plateau. The city has an estimated population of 4.5 million.The modern city has an area of 105 km2 , out of which 77 km2  is urban, while Jabal Qasioun occupies the rest.

Damascus has a cool arid climate. Summers are prolonged, dry and hot with less humidity. Winters are cool and somewhat rainy; snowfall is infrequent. Autumn is brief and mild. 

 The main language is Arabic.Islam is the dominant religion. The majority of Muslims are Sunni while Alawites and Twelver Shi'a comprise sizeable minorities.Christians represent about 15%–20% of the population.

The old city of Damascus, enclosed by the city walls, lies on the south bank of the river Barada. The Citadel of Damascus is located in the northwest corner of the Old City. It is a large medieval fortified palace which was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1979.The Damascus Straight Street consists of the street of Bab Sharqi and the Souk Medhat Pasha, a covered market. At the end of the Bab Sharqi street, one reaches the House of Ananias. Azm palace is located in North of Al-Buzuriyah Souq.The Souq al-Hamidiyya, is a famous old market packed with tiny shops, is entered through columns from a Roman temple built on a site that had been occupied by an even older temple.At the end of Souq al-Hamidiyya stands the great Umayyad mosque;  The Umayyad Mosque, also known as the Grand Mosque of Damascus, is one of the largest mosques in the world and also one of the oldest sites of continuous prayer since the rise of Islam. A shrine in the mosque is said to contain the body of St. John the Baptist. The mausoleum where Saladin was buried is located in the gardens just outside the mosque. Sayyidah Ruqayya Mosque, the shrine of the youngest daughter of Husayn ibn Ali, can also be found near the Umayyad Mosque. Another heavily visited site is Sayyidah Zaynab Mosque, where the tomb of Zaynab bint Ali is located.

Damascus is famous for its old historical Hammams( public baths).the most famous of them is the "Nour al-Din al-Shahid" bath. Hooka cafe's are popular in Damascus and are easy to find. where Arghilehs (water pipes) and popular beverages are served. Card games and Tables are popular in the cafes. 

The Damascus Opera House is the national opera house of Syria.  it has been the venue of numerous theatrical performances and concerts of classical European or Arabic music, as well as of film shows.Tishreen Park is by far the largest. It is home to the annual Damascus Flower Show.

Khubz is the main bread sold in Damascus. Famous Damascene dishes include Hummus,Falafel,Mutabbal and fatteh.Booza is the famous desert.  Shawarma is available  in different varieties.Fresh juice stalls are available all over the city.Another unusual dish is a camel kebab, available fresh from the camel butchers outside Bab Saghir. 

Damascus International Airport is Syria's busiest airport.Public transport in Damascus depends extensively on minibuses also known as servees.Taxis are plentiful in Damascus and are easily available.Al-Hijaz railway station, lies in the city center and is   connected with suburbs and other cities.

In Damascus, popular sports include football, basketball, swimming, and table tennis. Abbasiyyin Stadium is the main Sports Stadium.

Damascus in three minutes

by Zaheer uddin Babar

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Holi and Nowruz | Relation between these ancient festivals

Holi is a festival that is celebrated mainly in India that has been in existence for thousands of years and marks the beginning of spring. It is celebrated on the last full moon day of the Hindu lunisolar calendar month. It is usually in March

There is another festival that is called Nowruz, also known as the Persian New Year, is mainly celebrated in Iran. It has roots in Zoroastrianism, a very old religion dating back to thousands of years. It is celbrated during the vernal equinox, during March. 

Both Holi and Nowruz are ancient festivals that are celebrated  to welcome the Spring season.Both festivals are celebrated almost at the same time of the year.These  festivalss may in fact be reminiscent of old cultural and ethnological ties between Indian and Iranian branches of Aryan tribe,

Both of these festivals are started with rituals that involve Fire.Holi celebrations start on the night before Holi with a Holika Dahan where people gather, perform religious rituals in front of the bonfire, and pray that their internal evil be destroyed.

Next morning, groups of people carry drums and other musical instruments, go from place to place, sing and dance. People visit family, friends and foes come together to throw coloured powders on each other, laugh and gossip, then share Holi delicacies, food and drinks. In the evening, people dress up and visit friends and family.

Chaharshanbe Suri is a prelude to the Nowruz. it is celebrated on the eve of the last Wednesday before Nowruz. It is usually celebrated in the evening by performing rituals such as jumping over bonfires.Iranians sing the poetic line "my yellow is yours, your red is mine", which means asking the fire to take away ill-health and problems and replace them with warmth, health, and energy.

During the Nowruz holidays, people are expected to make short visits to the homes of family, friends and neighbors. Visitors are offered tea and pastries, cookies, fresh and dried fruits and mixed nuts or other snacks. Many Iranians throw large Nowruz parties in as a way of dealing with the long distances between groups of friends and family.

Although both of these festivals are mainly Spring festivals but they are associated with religious or  mythological deities. Holi is celebrated as a festival of triumph of good over evil in the honour of Hindu deity Vishnu. Nowruz is celebrated to honor the mythical Iranian King Jamshid, who saves mankind from a winter destined to kill every living creature.

There seems a lot of  similarities between Nowruz and Holi, but now  lets talk about a major difference. Holi is called festival of colors,On the main day of the festival  people smear each other with colours and drench each other. Water guns and water-filled balloons are also used to play and colour each other.  The frolic and fight with colours occurs in the open streets, parks, outside temples and buildings.

But in Nowruz there is no such ritual of throwing colours on each other. This seems a huge difference but there is one  legend related to the hindu deity Krishna that explains this difference.

According to this legend as a baby, Krishna developed his characteristic dark skin colour .In his youth, Krishna despaired whether the fair-skinned Radha would like him because of his dark skin colour. His mother, tired of his desperation, asks him to approach Radha and ask her to colour his face in any colour she wanted. This she did, and Radha and Krishna became a couple. So, the playful colouring of Radha and Krishna's face has been commemorated in the festival of Holi.

In Iran there were almost no differences of skin color  because of much racial uniformity, while in India we can see a lack of such racial uniformity, in order to remove these racial difference and to creat a sense of uniformity . people throw colors on each other by follwing the Kirishna's legend and  thus remove the racial differences.

Holi and Nowruz | Relation between these  two ancient festivals

by Zaheeruddin Babar

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Newroz Fire Festival in Akre Iraq | Kurdish Newroz celebration | Nowruz

Nowruz (new day') is the Iranian New Year, also known as the Persian New Year, which begins on the spring equinox, marking the first day of Farvardin, the first month of the Iranian solar calendar. It is celebrated worldwide by various ethno-linguistic groups, and falls on or around March 21 of the Gregorian calendar. Nowruz falls on March 20 in 2021.

               

Nowruz has Iranian and Zoroastrian origins; however, it has been celebrated by diverse communities for over 3,000 years in Western Asia, Central Asia, the Caucasus, the Black Sea Basin, the Balkans, and South Asia. It is a secular holiday for most celebrants that is enjoyed by people of several different faiths, but remains a holy day for Zoroastrians, Baháʼís, and some Muslim communities.

Akre is a city  located in Zagros mountains,In the beginning of every year people gather to celebrated the famous Persian Spring Festival called Nowroz, but in this region people call it Newroz. During Newroz people wear their traditional clothes and celebrate by  carrying out cheerful traditional Kurdish dances and songs.

During Newroz, hundreds of people prepare special torches.which are made from a wet tree branch wrapped in a piece of burlap with a wire and a nail.These torches are then soaked  in oil from morning until evening.  When the ceremony starts in the evening, remove the torch from the oil, light it, and then take it to the hilltop.These fires symbolize the passing of the dark season, winter, and arrival of the spring, the season of light. 

According to a Kurdish Poet.

Without the light and the fire of Love, 

Without the Designer and the power of Creator, 

We are not able to reach Union. 

This fire massing and washing the Heart, 

My heart claim after it.

And here come Newroz and the New Year, when a such light is rising

Newroz Fire Festival in Akre Iraq

by Zaheer uddin Babar

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Baghdad the capital of Iraq , with population of more than 8 million and area of 673 km is one of the largest cities in the Arab world. It is located on a vast plain bisected by the Tigris river. Baghdad is located near the ruins of the ancient Akkadian city of Babylon and the ancient Iranian capital of Ctesiphon. Baghdad was founded in the 8th century by Al-Mansur and became the capital of the Abbasid Caliphate.Since then it is a significant cultural, commercial, and intellectual center of the Arab world. 

The land on which the city is built is almost entirely flat and low-lying.Baghdad has a hot desert climate, featuring extremely hot, prolonged, dry summers and mild to cool, slightly wet, short winters.During the summer dust storms from the deserts to the west are a normal occurrence. Winter temperatures are typical of the desert climates.Below freezing occur a couple of times per year on average.In 2008 and 2020  light snow fell across Baghdad.

More than 95 percent of the population are Sunni Shia or mixed. Rest of the population consists of  Kurds ,Assyrian and  Armenians.The most widely spoken language in Baghdad is the Arabic language. 

Al-Rusafa is the eastern side of the River Tigris, Al-Karkh  is the western half of Baghdad. These are the old quarters  and central commercial area of Baghdad, situated in the heart of the city. 14 Bridges links the Eastern and Western parts of Baghdad.

"Souk al-Shorja is Baghdad's oldest market. It was established in the late Abbasid period about A.D. 750 .It is part of the historic area that includes the Abbasid palace on the Tigris River and the Khulafa mosque on al-Jumhuriya Street. 

Mutanabbi Street is located near the old quarter of Baghdad; at Al Rasheed Street. It is the historic center of Baghdad bookselling, a long street filled with bookstores and outdoor book stalls.

The Safafeer copper market is also one of the most popular markets, which is famous for producing various copper collectables and artifacts. 

Grand Festivities square is the main square for public celebrations in Baghdad.The square is home to three important public monuments

 It includes the biggest and one of the most visited landmark in Baghdad Al-Shaheed Monument.Al-Shaheed was built as part of a broader Ba'athist government program to erect a number of public works intended to beautify Baghdad.  The other 2 monuments are the Victory Arch and the monument of the unknown soldier.

Firdos Square is an other importan square. It is named after the Persian word Firdows, which means "paradise". The 14 Ramadan Mosque and two of the best-known hotels in Baghdad, the Palestine Hotel and the Sheraton Ishtar hotel, are located on the Firdos Square.

 Al Mustansiriya School is located in the middle of Baghdad.

 Abu Hanifa Mosque is one of the most prominent Sunni mosques in northern Baghdad.

Al-Kadhimiya Mosque which contains the tombs of the seventh and ninth Shia Imams, is also located in Northern Baghdad.

Baghdad is the birthplace of the famous folklore of Arabian nights.The statues of famous characters of Arabian nights are located on important city points.

Baghdad Central Station is the main train station in Baghdad. It links the rail network to the south and the north of Iraq.

Baghdad International Airport, previously Saddam International Airport  is Iraq's largest international airport.

Samoon is a type of yeast bread that is consumed mainly in Iraq.These breads are usually served with a variety of foods such as hummus, kebab, and shawarma.

 Baghdad prides itself of making the best masgouf consisting of seasoned, grilled river fish;,and is considered the national dish of Iraq. 

Kleicha is a traditional dates filled cookie that's prepared for Eid, weddings, or birthdays.

 Football is the most popular sport and hobby .Al Shaab and Al shohada are the main Stadiums in Baghdad.

Although Baghdad is the second largest city in the Arab world after Cairo.But  religious tourism is the most popular type of tourism.

Baghdad in 3 minutes

by Zaheeruddin Babar

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PNS Ghazi and INS Rajput

Before the main topic it will be better to answer some  frequently asked question from the viewers .Why It  is important to discuss how , why and by whom PNS Ghazi was destroyed . 

Answer is simple .Both East and West Pakistan were at least thousand mile away from each other. Only reliable link between East and West PAkistan was through Sea route.In order to win a war in East Pakistan, the most important task was to ensure the complete naval blockade . But In 1965 India had seen that how PNS Ghazi made it impossible. In 1971 the same Submarine was the biggest hurdle in implementing any naval blockade.

Although my series about PNS Ghazi was complete which I had uploaded last year.But few days ago on one of my 3 videos on PNS Gazi I received  a comment  from a person who claimed that he has served in indian Navy and was crew member of INS Rajput.He claimed that he was an eywitness of the incident.He had mentioned about his videos on the related topic.In which he claimed that he has provided the complete detail.I checked out his videos. His videos seem to be the response  of my previous videos.Whatever , In this video I am going to analyse his claim.

In his video the duration of the part related to PNS Ghazi is of 17 minutes. I selected only those parts which I think were relevent to my previous videos and re-arranged them.  

 Lets start with his introduction .

"1971 Indo-Pak Bangladesh war I am Bimal Kumar Chandan Ex Indian Navy who was posted on INS Rajput during the war.In my brief description I am going to present before you the true fact about naval warfare as an eyewitness directly involved and fought in 1971 war.In modern days like 1999 Kargil war and other wars and also wing commander Abhinandon Varthaman got fumedia coverage so we were not called for any interview nor in any conversation like today. There was  restriction on the public interview by the armed forces personals so the truth remains in the dark." 

Now Lets see what are his views about PNS Ghazi .

"The PAkistan Navy deployed their high power submarine PNS Ghazi which they took for a lease for Five years from the United States in 1964. The hi-tech submarine was specially trained and had the capability to carry mines and lay the same on sea surface The main aim of  PAkistan to deploy PNS Ghazi Eastern Naval Area near Vishakhapatnam to destroy our aircraft carrier INS Vikrant. In 1965 Indo Pakistan War When i was also posted on INS Rajput same PNS Ghazi was detected by the ship submarine detector in Eastern Sector.But some how it escaped from out target as it moves very fast beig a high power submarine with modern technology.Remember if we were unable to destroy PNS Ghazi in first stage of war then the entire scenario of the war would have changed. "

what are his views about INS Rajput.

Firstly the condition of INS Rajput was not suitable  for war and cannons were not functioning well and ship had become too old  for which it was decided to be de-commissioned.In those days the ships were very old specially INS Rajput which was about to be de-commissioned, not equipped with any modern equipment like today in the year 2020.  In those days the communication systems was not of the standard,no modern equipment was installed and most of the warships very old with backward technology instead of new ships and launcher missile boats and gun boats. We have to depend upon the Telegraphic system. Knowing very well that our ship was nothing in front of PNS Ghazi still we members of INS Rajput took risk of our lives for the safety of our ship INS Vikrant.

In my previous videos I have explained why Pakistan completely rejected Indian claim and why even Indian Naval officers and war historians  were skeptic about the Indian claim. As you have heard from the crew member of INS Rajput that at the time of 1971 war the condition of the ship was so bad that it was being considered unfit for the naval combat and was going to be decommissioned.

Now  just listen about the Indian Plans to destroy PNS Ghazi .

As per our intelligence report the PNS Ghazi was seen in costal areas of Sri Lanka , Madras and Vishakhapatnam,and at the same time INS vikrant was set out to give a surprise to get ready in all respect for the preparation of the war. Commanding officer of INS Rajput was adviced by our Naval Headquarter and by the Flag Officer Commanding in Chief  Eastern naval Command to get ourselves ready in all respect to sail at any time.And we all members of the ship were advised by our Commanding Officer of INS Rajput Captain Inder Singh to get ourselves ready to fight. And our ship communication department was advised to sent continuous messages and wireless signals in bulk as INS Vikrant so that PNS Ghazi and Pakistani Intelligence department will come to know that INS Vikrant is getting preparation for sailing from Vishakhapatnam port.In this way Ins Rajput will act as INS Vikrant to mislead our enemy.

As you have heard from him  that only communication equipment on Outdated INS Rajput  was Telegraph .And we know that PNS Ghazi was equipped with modern equipments of detecting and identifying various targets.So it appears impossible that INS Rajput deceived PNS Ghazi by creating a radio nnoise equal to a whole aircraf career fleet.

There is no need to watch his details of th epic fight between PNS Ghazi and INS Rajput.But If you are interested  . .I have given the link in the description. Now it will be better to jump to the most interesting part .

Even after that epic fight  INS Rajput,was not aware of the fact that PNS Ghazi had been destroyed.

Most surprising thing for me was  .. when he mentioned .

How they came to know about the destruction of PNS Ghazi 

Now I am going to narrate how we came to know about the destruction of PNS Ghazi.Our Eastern Naval Headquarter got information from the local fishermen went for fishing. They found some unrelated and different types of materials floating on the sea.Immediately they informed to our Vishakhapatnam Headquarters.And our ship was engaged on petroling duty, along with naval divers.They saw the deadbodies of Pakistanis, divers with oxygen cylinders and with un exploaded mines exploaded, the divers went to the sea bottom and found submarine in exploding condition.Non of the submarine crew was alive. Our divers cut the name plate of the Ghazi and traced the long boats and other documents as proof.

Now Reaction after receiving the news of the destruction of PNS Ghazi from Indian Naval Headquarters .

But on receiving the message we were delighted and became so happy to know that our mission is success.

See a happy end. 

It now seems more clearer  that  Indian Navy had no capability to destroy Ghazi. And it did not destroyed Ghazi.

If we reject Indian theory then two other theories became more relevent .

1st It was an accident (Which was PAkistan's official view) Keep in mind  "WAS OFFICIAL VIEW" .

2nd It was destroyed by Soviets .

Pakistan took a long time to conclude its investigations and to release  its official statment about the destruction of Ghazi,in which they inclined  towrds some accident  but  in 1997 new undenieble evidences came to the surface , which proved Soviet active military involvement in 1971  war . .. In my next video I will discuss those evidences .After that whole 1971 war and sinking of PNS Ghazi will become easily understandable .

PNS Ghazi and INS Rajput

by Zaheer uddin Babar

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Tehran in 3 minutes | capital of Iran

Tehran is the capital of Iran. With a population of around 8.7 million. It is situated in northern parts of Iran between Karaj and Jajrud rivers at  the bottom of the slope of the Mythical Alborz Mountain range,which forms a barrier between Tehran and South Caspian. Because Tehran also has the Kavir desert in the south  therefore  weather is often cooler in the hilly north than in the flat southern part. Tehran has a cold semi-arid climate which is generally mild in spring and autumn, hot and dry in summer, and cold and wet in winter.

Modern day Tehran includes the areas of ancient city and towns of Ray, Mehran  and Tiran , these settlements dates back over 7,000 years.

The majority of the population of Tehran are Persian-speaking people,but there are large populations of other ethno-linguistic groups who speak Persian as a second language.The majority of Tehranis are Shia Muslims, other religious communities in the city include followers of  Christianity, Judaism, Zoroastrianism, and the Baháʼí Faith.There are many religious centres scattered around the city, from old to newly built centres, including mosques, churches, synagogues, and Zoroastrian fire temples. 

Northern hilly areas of Tehran is full of natural waterfalls, streams ,Lakes, mountain passes, caves and mountain resorts.Most famous of these are Darband and Darakeh hiking trails etc.

The Azadi Tower or Shahyad Tower is a monument located on Azadi Square and is one of the landmarks of Tehran.Milad Tower is another important landmark in Tehran. 

Tehran is home to royal complexes of Golestan, Saadabad and Niavaran, which were built under the reign of the country's last two monarchies.The Iranian Imperial Crown Jewels, one of the largest jewel collections in the world, are also on display at Tehran's National Jewelry Museum.

Chitgar Lake is an artificial and recreational lake located to the north of Chitgar Park in northwestern Tehran, Iran.

Most of the international branded stores and upper-class shops are located in the northern and western parts of the city.The largest old bazaars of Tehran are the Grand Bazaar and the Bazaar of Tajrish.

The Vahdat or the Roudaki Hall  is a performing arts complex and is home to the Tehran Symphony Orchestrain.Most of the movie theatres are located downtown.Many styles of graffiti are seen in Tehran. 

Tehran has two international airports. Mehrabad Airport and Khomeini Airport which handle domestic and international flights.

Tehran has a central railway station that connects services round the clock to various cities in the country, along with a Tehran–Europe train line.

Tehran has a large network of highways and interchanges.Tehran's transport system includes conventional buses, trolleybuses, and bus rapid transit (BRT).Tehran has more than 200,000 taxis.Bdood bikes are also available.

Nan-e sangak is  the national bread of Iran.Lamb meat is most widely consumed.Characteristic Iranian flavorings such as saffron, dried lime and other sources of sour flavoring, used in various dishes. Famous dessert is falude.Popular street food is Lavashak.

Football and volleyball are the city's most popular sports.National stadium of Azadi,is the biggest stadium.

Tehran is one of Iran's leading tourism destinations,around 2 million foreign tourists visits Tehran each year.

Tehran in 3 minutes

by Zaheer uddin Babar

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Kabul in 3 minutes

 

Kabul is one of the highest capitals in the world located  between the Mighty Hindu Kush mountains along the Kabul River. The city covers an area size of 275 square kilometres , making it by far the largest in  Afghanistan. With the population of more than 4.4 million , 

Kabul has a cold semi-arid climate. Temperatures are cool compared to much of Southwest Asia, Summer has very low humidity .Autumn features warm afternoons and sharply cooler evenings. Winters are cold, with exclusive snowfalls.Spring is the wettest time of the year. Sunny conditions dominate year-round. 

 The city is said to be over 3,500 years old. it is in a strategic location along the trade routes of South and Central Asia, and a key location of the ancient Silk Road. The old part of Kabul is filled with bazaars nestled along its narrow, crooked streets. Immediately to the south of the old city are the ancient city walls and the Sher Darwaza mountain, with the Shuhadayi Salihin cemetery behind it. A bit further east is the ancient Bala Hissar fortress with the Kol-e Hasmat Khan lake behind it. The Kabul River flows through the heart of the city, dividing the central bazaars. 

Kabul is known for its gardens, bazaars, and palaces, well known examples being the Gardens of Babur and Darul_Aman_Palace. Other notable places are the Bagh-e_Bala_Palace ,Id Gah Mosque  and  Shah-Do Shamshira . 

The city has experienced rapid urbanization with an increasing population. Since the late 2000s, numerous modern housing complexes have been built. Kabul  is one of the fastest growing cities in the world.

Kabul has no train service. However a nationwide bus service is available from Kabul,  Kabul International Airport is one of the nation's main international airports and capable of housing over one hundred aircrafts.

About 68% of the city's population follow Sunni Islam while 30% are Shiites. The remaining 2% are followers of Sikhism and Hinduism.

The Dari (Persian) and Pashto languages are widely used in the region 

Naan  is the most widely consumed bread in Afghanistan and  most widely used meat is lamb. Meat is mostly consumed with Naan ,in form of various varieties of Qorma and Kebab.

Kabuli palaw is considered a festive and important dish due to the price and quality of the ingredients as well as its tradition of being Afghanistan's national cuisine. It consists of steamed rice mixed with raisins, carrots, and beef or lamb. 

Cricket is the dominant sport in Kabul with 2 of the 3 sports stadiums reserved for cricket. 

Kabul's main products include fresh and dried fruit, nuts, beverages, Afghan rugs, leather and sheep skin products, furniture, antique replicas, and domestic clothes. Each year about 20,000 foreign tourists visit Afghanistan.

Kabul in 3 minutes | capital of Afghanistan | Kabul City

by Zaheeruddin Babar

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The Absurd

Once stripped of its common romanticism, the Physical world is a foreign, strange, silent, cold and inhuman place; true knowledge is impossible and rationality and science cannot explain the world: their stories ultimately end in meaningless abstractions, in metaphors. 

 

Universe seems purposeless, meaningless, chaotic, and irrational.  Life has no intrinsic meaning or value. With respect to the universe, a single human or even the entire human species is insignificant, and without any purpose. When one considers the short span of his life absorbed into the preceding and subsequent eternity, the small space which he fills and even can see, swallowed up in the infinite immensity of spaces of which he knows nothing and which knows nothing of him.

There are moments when individuals question whether their lives have meaning, purpose, or value, and are negatively impacted by the contemplation. It may be commonly, but not necessarily, tied to depression or inevitably negative speculations on purpose in life e.g., "if one day I will be forgotten, what is the point of all of my work?"

This crisis may often be provoked by a significant event in the person's life—psychological trauma, marriage, separation, major loss, the death of a loved one, a life-threatening experience, a new love partner, psychoactive drug use, adult children leaving home, reaching a personally significant age (turning 18, turning 40, etc.), etc. Usually, it provokes the sufferer's introspection about personal mortality.

We build our life on the hope for tomorrow, yet tomorrow bring us closer to death and are the ultimate enemy; people live their lives as if they were not aware of the certainty of death.

How we come to terms with the social world. Human beings like to insist that there are reasons why things happen. The death of a child, the crash of an airplane, or a random shooting must be explained in terms of the workings of a hidden plan.  

The social world appears to us as it ought not to be and the world as it ought to be does not exist. It is a condition of tension, as a disproportion between what we want or need and how the world appears to operate." When we find out that the world does not possess the thing we want or need. But long since believed it to have, we find ourselves in a crisis.

There are no higher truths that man can discover about life. In the face of such uncertainty, there is no basis for morality or justification for acting one way as opposed to another. 'Everything is permitted,'... is not an outburst of relief or of joy, but rather a bitter acknowledgement of a fact." A person gains freedom in a very concrete sense: no longer bound by hope for a better future or eternity, without a need to pursue life's purpose or to create meaning. This explains all that the unreasonable world .

It is not the world that is absurd, nor human thought: the absurd arises when the human need to understand meets the unreasonableness of the world, The universe and the human mind do not each separately cause the Absurd, but rather, the Absurd arises by the contradictory nature of the two existing simultaneously. When the “appetite for the absolute and for unity" meets "the impossibility of reducing this world to a rational and reasonable principle."

The Absurd arises out of the fundamental disharmony between the individual's search for meaning and the meaninglessness of the universe.

by Zaheeruddin Babar

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Torment of Prometheus

When men and other living creatures had been moulded , the two Titans Epimetheus and Prometheus were called to complete the task and distribute among the newly born creatures all sorts of natural qualities. Epimetheus set to work but, being unwise, distributed all the gifts of nature among the animals, leaving men naked and unprotected, unable to defend themselves and to survive in a hostile world. Prometheus then stole the fire and gave it to mankind.

 

Then immortals and mortal humans had arranged a meeting at Mecone where the matter of division of sacrifice between immortals and men was to be settled. Prometheus slew a large ox, and divided it into two piles. In one pile he put all the meat and most of the fat, skillfully covering it with the ox's grotesque stomach, while in the other pile, he dressed up the bones artfully with shining fat. Prometheus then invited Zeus to choose; Zeus chose the pile of bones. Hesiod describes Zeus as having seen through the trick, realizing that in purposefully getting tricked he would have an excuse to vent his anger on mortal humans.

As an act of revenge, Zeus hid fire from humankind, leaving them cold and shivering at night.

Feeling sorry for man's weak and naked state, Prometheus raided the workshop of Hephaistos and Athena on Mt. Olympus and stole fire, and by hiding it in a hollow fennel-stalk, he gave the valuable gift to man which would help him in life's struggle.

Zeus was outraged by Prometheus' theft of fire and so punished Prometheus by having him taken far to the east, perhaps the Caucasus. Here Prometheus was chained to a rock (or pillar) and Zeus sent an eagle to eat his liver. Even worse, the liver re-grew every night and the eagle returned each day to perpetually torment Prometheus. 

 

Torment of Prometheus

by Zaheeruddin Babar

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