Torment of Prometheus

When men and other living creatures had been moulded , the two Titans Epimetheus and Prometheus were called to complete the task and distribute among the newly born creatures all sorts of natural qualities. Epimetheus set to work but, being unwise, distributed all the gifts of nature among the animals, leaving men naked and unprotected, unable to defend themselves and to survive in a hostile world. Prometheus then stole the fire and gave it to mankind.

 

Then immortals and mortal humans had arranged a meeting at Mecone where the matter of division of sacrifice between immortals and men was to be settled. Prometheus slew a large ox, and divided it into two piles. In one pile he put all the meat and most of the fat, skillfully covering it with the ox's grotesque stomach, while in the other pile, he dressed up the bones artfully with shining fat. Prometheus then invited Zeus to choose; Zeus chose the pile of bones. Hesiod describes Zeus as having seen through the trick, realizing that in purposefully getting tricked he would have an excuse to vent his anger on mortal humans.

As an act of revenge, Zeus hid fire from humankind, leaving them cold and shivering at night.

Feeling sorry for man's weak and naked state, Prometheus raided the workshop of Hephaistos and Athena on Mt. Olympus and stole fire, and by hiding it in a hollow fennel-stalk, he gave the valuable gift to man which would help him in life's struggle.

Zeus was outraged by Prometheus' theft of fire and so punished Prometheus by having him taken far to the east, perhaps the Caucasus. Here Prometheus was chained to a rock (or pillar) and Zeus sent an eagle to eat his liver. Even worse, the liver re-grew every night and the eagle returned each day to perpetually torment Prometheus. 

 

Torment of Prometheus

by Zaheeruddin Babar

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Three Fates from Greek Roman and Norse Mythology

 

 In Greek Mythology , the Fates were personified as three women who spin the threads of human destiny. Their names were Clotho (Spinner), Lachesis (Allotter), and Atropos (Inflexible). Clotho spun the “thread” of human fate, Lachesis dispensed it, and Atropos cut the thread (thus determining the individual’s moment of death). All these three were collectively known as the Moirai.They have the power to control time itself and can change the fate of others,

 

 

 

Even the gods feared the Moirai or Fates, which according to Herodotus a god could not escape. The Pythian priestess at Delphi once admitted that Zeus was also subject to their power, though no recorded classical writing clarifies to what exact extent the lives of immortals were affected by the whims of the Fates. In antiquity we can see a feeling towards a notion of an order to which even the gods have to conform.
In ancient Roman religion and myth, the Parcae were the female personifications of destiny who directed the lives (and deaths) of humans and gods. The Parcae controlled the metaphorical thread of life of every mortal and immortal from birth to death. Even the gods feared them, and by some sources Jupiter was also subject to their power.[1]
The names of the three Parcae are:
Nona (Greek equivalent Clotho), who spun the thread of life from her distaff onto her spindle;
Decima (Greek Lachesis), who measured the thread of life with her rod;
Morta (Greek Atropos), who cut the thread of life and chose the manner of a person's death.

In Norse mythology The Norns  are female beings who rule the destiny of gods and men.
Their names are   . .Urðr ,Verðandi and Skuld, the three Norns, They come out from a hall standing at the Well of Fate. They draw water from the well and take sand that lies around it, which they pour over the Yggdrasill tree so that its branches will not rot.
They spin threads of life, cut marks in the pole figures and measure people's destinies, which shows the fate of all human beings and gods. Norns are always present when a child is born and decide its fate.
These three Norns also represent the past (Urðr), future (Skuld) and present (Verðandi)
These three Norns are described as powerful maiden giantesses (Jotuns) whose arrival from Jötunheimr ended the golden age of the gods.
Fate or Destiny is a power or agency that predetermines and orders the course of events. Fate defines events as ordered or "inevitable" and unavoidable. This is a concept based on the belief that there is a fixed natural order to the universe.

Three Fates from Greek Roman and Norse Mythology

by Zaheeruddin Babar

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Haile Selassie I the Emperor of Ethiopia | Children of Great Leaders Epi...

 

 

     Haile Selassie was the Emperor of Ethiopia from 1930 to 1974. He came into power with the support of courtiers and nobility that were facing an accountability situation in the hands of the then crown prince Lij Iyasu. 

    In this way Selassie  came up with a formula ,to Rule over a Feudal Empire. Just by keeping  the nobility  and courtiers happy. Selassie attempted to modernize the country through a series of political reforms, including the introduction of Ethiopia's first written constitution . The constitution kept power in the hands of the nobility.  It also limited the succession to the throne to the descendants of Haile Selassie. 

    Unlike his predecessor Menelik II who had defeated Italians in the famous Battle of Adwa in 1896 Selassie  was defeated by Italians  in in Second Italo Ethiopian war 1937. and spent the period of Italian occupation in exile in England. He returned to lead Ethiopia in 1941 after the British Empire defeated the Italian occupiers in the East African campaign. 

    He hardly focused on the development of agriculture which was the backbone of his Empire. He built no water reservoirs to store water for irrigation. He constructed no roads. He couldn’t even provide clean drinking water to the major part of the population. 

    When Africa faced droughts and famines in 70s Selassie and his government tried to hide the famine crisis. But when situation became out of control then they admitted  the empire is facing a worst human catastrophe. Thousands of people were dying because of hunger and drought. International community tried to help Ethiopian people but they surprised to know that they couldn’t reach the people because there were no roads. Helicopters were not sufficient in number to provide food to starving people. People of Ethiopia in those desperate times  and  mostly because of the threat of being starved to death tried to built roads with their hands. Hundreds and thousands of Ethiopian constructed over 200 miles of roads with their bare hands. But still International aid proved insufficient and Famine engulfed millions of Ethiopian. Nobility tried to hide their failure. But because of the reaction from international community the Government resigned. Oil crisis worsen the situation and Selassie couldn’t control the inflation and couldn’t satisfy the growing demands of its nobility and army. He was overthrown in a 1974 military coup and was murdered by the junta on 27 August 1975. He was the Last King of the  Solomonic dynasty  one of the oldest  known continued dynasties in history .

Haile Selassie I the Last Emperor of Ethiopia

by Zaheeruddin Babar

 

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Second Story of the Trip to the Moon by Georges Jean Méliès

Year 1902 , . . .

a French illusionist, actor and film director, Georges-Jean Méliès made an  adventure short  film A Trip to the Moon the story of the film opens  . . . At a meeting of the Astronomy Club,its president, Professor Barbenfouillis, proposes an expedition to the Moon. After addressing some dissent, five other brave astronomers—Nostra damus,Alcofrisbas, Omega, Micromegas, and Parafaragaramus—agree to the plan.A space capsule in the shape of a bullet is built, along with a huge cannon to shoot it into space.The astronomers embark and their capsule is fired from the cannon with the help of "marines",The Man in the Moon watches the capsule as it approaches, and it hits him in the eye.Landing safely on the Moon, the astronomers get out of the capsule (without the need of space suits or breathing apparatus) and watch the Earth rise in the distance.Exhausted by their journey, they unroll their blankets and sleep.

As they sleep,a comet passes,the Big Dipper appears with human faces peering out of each star,old Saturn leans out of a window in his ringed planet,and Phoebe, goddess of the Moon, appears seated in a crescent-moon swing.Phoebe causes a snowfall that awakens the astronomers,and they seek shelter in a cavern

where they discover giant mushrooms.One astronomer opens his umbrella; it promptly takes root and turns into a giant mushroom itself.

At this point, a Selenite (an insectoid alien inhabitant of the Moon, named after one of the Greek moon goddesses, Selene) appears,but it is killed easily by an astronomer, as the creatures explode if they are hit with force.More Selenites appear and it becomes increasingly difficult for the astronomers to destroy them as they are surrounded.The Selenites capture the astronomers and take them to the palace of their king. An astronomer lifts the Selenite King off his throne and throws him to the ground, causing him to explode.The astronomers run back to their capsule while continuing to hit the pursuing Selenites, and five get inside. The sixth astronomer, Barbenfouillis himself, uses a rope to tip the capsule over a ledge on the Moon and into space.

A Selenite tries to seize the capsule at the last minute.Astronomer, capsule, and Selenite fall through space and land in an ocean on Earth,

where they are rescued by a ship and towed ashore. The final sequence depicts a celebratory parade in honour of the travellers' return,including a display of the captive Selenite and the unveiling of a commemorative statue bearing the motto "Labor omnia vincit".

Second Story of the Trip to the Moon 

by Georges Jean Méliès

compiled by Zaheeruddin Babar 

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